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Medical Treatments Features up-to-date entries on breakthroughs and discoveries in the field of medical science; treating diseases that are impacting human health. Koyal InfoMag provides a venue for reporting important developments in medical research and biotechnology, especially from the frontrunners in the industry. Both mainstream and alternative medical treatments have greatly altered the way diseases are being prevented and cured -- after all, both have the same objective of effective treatment. We cover topics on and accounts of discoveries made by prominent parties as well as independent and lesser-known ones. Koyal InfoMag identifies the individuals and groups along with the exploration of technology and skill sets involved in their studies. Fossil and Ruins Records of fossils are substantial parts of a scientific approach in order to get a glimpse of the past's lifestyle, diet, biological make up and living environment, among others. Remains or traces of organisms like plants, animals and humans from the past that have been preserved in soil layers or rock formations, normally some tens of thousands years ago. Fossil records are important sources in learning history and means of verifying accounts. Meanwhile, ruins are formerly only of interest to architects and engineers (along with some people who appreciates structural marvels of bygone days) but they are now considered vital parts of culture and art appreciation for their aesthetic appeal. They are of particular interest to anthropologists and historians for their importance in the study of past towns, villages, structures and houses that denote human society state in a certain time period. They are usually former buildings, houses, towns or places of worship, considered architecture and engineering marvels in their time but have suffered damages from normal weathering or war destruction, now being preserved and protected mainly by UNESCO's World Heritage Sites for serving as unique historical markers. During the Middle Ages, ruins were seen as sources of inconvenience and impediments to modern society so it was not until the Renaissance period that ruins have been recognized as part of historical architecture. In fact, their generation has been so inspired that they actually resolved to built monuments and structures in the hopes that future generations will appreciate them as ruins someday. Microbiology Microorganisms have been under scrutiny for hundreds of years but a complete and accurate description of how they behave is yet to be made due to a vast range of species involved. Another active branch of science mainly because of its being composed of virus, fungi and other nastily-perceived unicellular organisms. Moreover, it is closely associated with immunology due to its interaction with both pathogenic and benign microbes. While there is a collective fear for microorganisms for causing human diseases in particular, many of them are actually beneficial in the field of food, vehicle and antibiotic production. Neuroscience Formerly recognized as simply a branch under biology as it deals with the nervous system, neuroscience is now a separate subcategory that is deeply connected with philosophy, psychology, medicine and others. The wide range of neuroscience covers various aspects relating to the nervous system, such as the cellular, structural and medical. Scientific methods and processes used by neuroscientists have also advanced greatly due to breakthroughs in studies of nerve cells and neural networks. Many mainstream organizations and institutions advocating the study of neuroscience are supporting researchers and scientists to venture in this field. Physics Discoveries and innovations in physics make valuable contributions to other fields by new technologies or theories that are applicable to them. Such advances in nuclear physics for instance have led to new consumer goods and electricity generation. Basically, it deals with the overall evaluation and observation of nature in order to comprehend just how the universe and everything in it works. Experiments and studies about the supposed non-zero mass of neutrinos, active theoretical studies involving particle accelerators (including the quest for the Higgs Boson particle) are all part of the physics category. Studies in physics are continuing its rising streak in development on all facets and countless progress has been made. However, despite diligent efforts employed by physicists, there are still numerous unexplained phenomena in the universe (including mysteries surrounding most of the seemingly ordinary occurrences people encounter everyday like nodes in trickling water and sand pile formation). Chemistry Commonly termed as the central science for its role in connecting a number of scientific branches like physics to biology and such, chemistry is responsible when it comes to chemical bonds, atom interactions, properties, compositions and reactions of matter. The chemical industry at present is composed of firms which manufacture so-called industrial chemicals like polymer and plastic that compose 80% of the industry's global output. Most of them are deemed crucial to global economy in general, especially in the manufacturing industry where chemicals are responsible in converting raw materials into thousands of other products. Chemistry is also responsible in employing chemical methods and reactions vital in making consumer products such as paper, textile, rubber and petroleum.